The Evolution of Philippine Currency

History of Philippine Money

Philippine money–multi-colored threads woven into the fabric of our social, political and economic life. From its early bead-like form to the paper notes and coins that we know today, our money has been a constant reminder of our journey through centuries as a people relating with one another and with other peoples of the world.

Pre-Hispanic Era
Trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter. The inconvenience of barter later led to the use of some objects as medium of exchange. Gold, which was plentiful in many parts of the islands, invariably found its way into these objects that included the piloncitos, small bead-likeb gold bits considered by the local numismatists as the earliest coin of the ancient Filipinos, and gold barter rings.


Spanish Era (1521-1897)
Three hundred years of Spanish rule left many indelible imprints on Philippine numismatics. At the end of the Spanish regime, Philippine money was a multiplicity of currencies that included Mexican pesos, Alfonsino pesos and copper coins of other currencies.

The cobs or macuquinas of colonial mints were the earliest coins brought in by the galleons from Mexico and other Spanish colonies. The silver dos mundos or pillar dollar is considered one of the world’s most beautiful coins. The barilla, a crude bronze or copper coin worth about one centavo, was the first coin struck in the country.

Coins from other Spanish colonies also reached the Philippines and were counterstamped. Gold coins with the portrait of Queen Isabela were minted in Manila. Silver pesos with the profile of young Alfonso XIII were the last coins minted in Spain. The pesos fuertes, issued by the country’s first bank, the El Banco Espanol Filipino de Isabel II, were the first paper money circulated in the country.


Revolutionary Period (1898-1899)
Asserting its independence, the Philippine Republic of 1898 under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper currency backed by the country’s natural resources.

One peso and five peso notes printed as Republika Filipina Papel Moneda de Un Peso and Cinco Pesos were freely circulated. 2 centimos de peso copper were also issued in 1899.


The American Period (1900-1941)
The Americans instituted a monetary system for the Philippine based on gold and pegged the Philippine peso to the American dollar at the ratio of 2:1. The US Congress approved the Coinage Act for the Philippines in 1903.

The coins issued under the system bore the designs of Filipino engraver and artist, Melecio Figueroa. Coins in denomination of one-half centavo to one peso were minted. The renaming of El Banco Espanol Filipino to Bank of the Philippine Islands in 1912 paved the way for the use of English from Spanish in all notes and coins issued up to 1933. Beginning May 1918, treasury certificates replaced the silver certificates series, and a one-peso note was added.


The Japanese Occupation (
1942-1945)

The outbreak of World War II caused serious disturbances in the Philippine monetary system. Two kinds of notes circulated in the country during this period. The Japanese Occupation Forces issued war notes in big denominations. Provinces and municipalities, on the other hand, issued their own guerrilla notes or resistance currencies, most of which were sanctioned by the Philippine government in-exile, and partially redeemed after the war.


The Philippine Republic

A nation in command of its destiny is the message reflected in the evolution of Philippine money under the Philippine Republic. Having gained independence from the United States following the end of World War II, the country used as currency old treasury certificates overprinted with the word “Victory”.

With the establishment of the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949, the first currencies issued were the English series notes printed by the Thomas de la Rue & Co., Ltd. in England and the coins minted at the US Bureau of Mint. The Filipinazation of the Republic coins and paper money began in the late 60’s and is carried through to the present. In the 70’s, the Ang Bagong Lipunan (ABL) series notes were circulated, which were printed at the Security Printing Plant starting 1978. A new wave of change swept through the Philippine coinage system with the flora and fauna coins initially issued in 1983. These series featured national heroes and species of flora and fauna. The new design series of banknotes issued in 1985 replaced the ABL series. Ten years later, a new set of coins and notes were issued carrying the logo of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.

*The above information is quoted from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas website

34 comments:

  1. Anonymous9:18 PM

    It's great to know and understand the history of our currency. May i suggest to please elaborate further and be specific for each currency figure displayed or shown in this blog.
    Thanks

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  2. Anonymous8:08 PM

    sUch woderful. . . im a student and realy thankful for this. .may i sugest that u include the new society money and the republic money too please?

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  3. Anonymous2:53 PM

    SUTHANK YOU. . bCOZ I AM A sTUDENT, DAYZ WHY ITS sO rEALy uNDERSTND DAt tHINGS

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  4. I just saw an old Philippine money that stated " Bank of the Philippine Islands" instead of what we have now "BSP" is it the same BPI that we have right now?

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  5. Anonymous11:01 PM

    And bagong ideya ng Bangko Sentral ay talagang nakakainis at nakakairita. Ang pagbago sa mukha ng ating salapi ay tila parang isang pagdura ng panis na kanin. Nang mapanood co canina ang balita, napanganga na lang aco at nagsalubong ang acing mga kilay. Masama ang loob co sa balitang ito. Pakiramdam co ay binalewala ang pinaghirapan ng ating mga bayani. Sinasabi nilang matagal namang naging bahagi ng buhay ng mga Pilipino ang mga mukha ng mga bayaning ito sa salapi, at ito ay ayos lang. Napakasakit at nakakahiya ito.

    ReplyDelete
  6. Anonymous9:53 AM

    this blog helped me in my report in soc-sci. thanks. now i know how philippine money evovled.

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  7. Anonymous5:05 PM

    this article really helped me a lot. I need it for my Filipino assignment. I couldn't find any other article about it. Thanks.

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  8. Anonymous4:49 PM

    ..nice ..it helps a lot...may i request you to please show more images of the money used during tne japanese period up to the third republic.

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  9. Anonymous10:48 AM

    thank you for posting!im so happy to know and understand how our currency evolved in time....

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  10. Anonymous9:44 PM

    Wow, Thanks a lot.
    You just helped me with our report in AP subject.
    ^_^

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  11. thank you! it helped me a lot. I can now submit a better project..hehe.

    ReplyDelete
  12. I will use your posts in my blog and I will put your blog in my list of 'PARTNERS and Resources'

    ReplyDelete
  13. Anonymous5:57 PM

    sana makahanap ako ng 1 peso at 5 peso na bill sa net na panahon pa ni aguinaldo. needed kc for my assignment

    ReplyDelete
  14. Mark Louie7:38 PM

    Thanks. It will really help me a lot on my humanities project.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Anonymous5:34 PM

    thank you so much, this is a big help to me and to others, especially those who are taking financial system, i hope you will give more information about the evolution of philippine money, and to verify it further. thanks again!

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  16. Anonymous8:57 PM

    please give me a brief explanation about the evolution of the philippine money....thanks

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  17. Anonymous3:06 PM

    thanks a lot!! great help for my homework :)

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  18. Anonymous11:54 AM

    thanks this blog also helped me a lot in my economics subject...

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  19. May I please ask about the references. I'm studying gold as money all around the world and it's great that Filipinos themselves used gold as their money even before.

    Thanks by the way for this great info!

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  20. Hi very very good neat and clean post especially the Revolutionary Period are very interested.

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  21. can any one please tell me of what material the present Philippine notes are made up of.....???(in English)
    Ty for Ur answer....

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  22. Thanks! This will help me alot to do my assignment

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  23. Thank you. Its great to know about our currency. It would greatly help to do my assignment

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  24. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  25. Anonymous11:38 AM

    when does money become legal tender in the
    Philippines? (pls answer:(( )

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  26. Where can we info about the quantity of money printed by the present administration?

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  27. allan manhire4:33 AM

    Interesting history, it was a good read, thanks

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  28. Anonymous3:31 PM

    Who wants to buy 1pcs 20 peso bill , 1pcs 5 peso bill (THIS LOOKS LIKE A DOLLAR) AMERICAN ERA i think.)

    09225657772 <---- call me..

    ReplyDelete
  29. It just helped me in my assign. I wud just like to suggest something, ahm , it would be better IF it is more specific, esPecially the PhilipPine money under the different administrationS / presidents in the Philippines.. jjejjejeje
    but it is still good..

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  30. Anonymous12:11 AM

    my mom has the BSP coffeetable book in the 90's and it has the detailed history of the Philippine currency. Naglabas na kaya sila ng updated na book ng year 2000 onwards?

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  31. Anonymous11:04 PM

    hi. can you make the images larger because I am thinking of printing it.

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  32. Anonymous9:10 PM

    This helps me. Thanks a lot.

    ReplyDelete
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